As one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable regions, South Asia is experiencing increasingly frequent and intense extreme weather events, including prolonged heatwaves, erratic monsoon rains, severe flooding and extended droughts. The region’s tropical and subtropical climate systems, historically reliant on relatively predictable seasonal monsoons, are becoming increasingly volatile, undermining agricultural stability, water security and rural livelihoods across diverse landscapes, from the Himalayas to low-lying deltaic plains.




